Health Care

In the CY 2026 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule proposed rule (PFS Proposed Rule), released on July 14, 2025, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) introduced the Ambulatory Specialty Model (ASM), a new payment model focused on specialists who treat heart failure and low back pain in ambulatory settings. If implemented as proposed, participation in ASM will be mandatory for specialists, including cardiologists, orthopedic surgeons, pain management specialists, anesthesiologists, and neurosurgeons, who are located in designated regions and treat Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) beneficiaries for heart failure or low back pain. Participating providers will continue to bill Medicare FFS but will receive payment adjustments – positive, neutral, or negative – based on their performance across four domains: cost, quality, care improvement, and interoperability. 

The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) recently announced a six-year payment model for 2026-2031 called the Wasteful and Inappropriate Service Reduction (WISeR) Model. This blog post outlines key considerations for health care providers and suppliers to prepare for WISeR, which becomes effective January 1, 2026. 

The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) recently announced a new strategic direction during a public webinar and accompanying white paper, outlining its evolving priorities under the current administration. During the May 13, 2025 webinar, Abe Sutton, Director of CMMI and Deputy Administrator for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), emphasized CMMI’s continued mission to improve the U.S. health care system and to build on its 15 years of testing alternative payment models. As described in more detail below, however, CMMI’s new strategic direction reflects a shift in focus from CMMI’s approach under the Biden administration even while certain longstanding goals remain the same.

On March 12, 2025, in one of the Trump Administration’s first actions with respect to the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI), CMMI announced that it would prematurely terminate four alternative payment model (APM) demonstration models by December 31, 2025. CMMI’s decision was not entirely unexpected. In response to a 2021 report from a Congressional advisory committee recommending that CMMI “streamline” its portfolio of demonstrations, the Biden Administration initiated a 10-year “strategic refresh” of CMMI. Similarly, a critical report from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) about the net cost initiated a wave of criticism from Republicans. Combined with the Trump Administration’s hyperfocus on reducing government spending (based on CMMI’s estimation, terminating the demonstrations early will save the federal government $750 million), it is not particularly surprising that CMMI was targeted for some cuts.

Government scrutiny of value-based care (VBC) health care delivery models is expected to increase as VBC adoption grows. In 2024, the DOJ announced a large FCA settlement with a VBC primary care practice, and HHS’s Office of Inspector General issued a Special Fraud Alert focusing on VBC business arrangements.

As we reflect on the flurry of activity in the health care data privacy and security space in 2023 and look ahead to what will continue to be a busy 2024, we are seeing the early stages of federal agency movement to align the regulatory environment with modern health care delivery, cutting-edge technologies, and innovative data-sharing techniques. Some of this work has been done in the form of federal agency guidance in which health care organizations will be looking for additional updates and there are also a handful of pending U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (OCR) proposals that call for substantial changes to the HIPAA Privacy Rule.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced a new primary care model—the Making Care Primary (MCP) Model—geared towards smaller, independent primary care practices and organizations that want to participate independently in value-based care initiatives. The MCP Model will be tested in eight states - Colorado, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, and Washington.

Health care providers furnishing dementia care should take note of a new payment model announced by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services on July 31, 2023, called Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience (GUIDE). GUIDE is designed to improve dementia care, reduce strain on unpaid caregivers, and help people with dementia remain in their homes and communities. Providers participating in GUIDE receive monthly per-beneficiary per-month payments, can bill for respite care services, and are eligible for one-time payments to support infrastructure.

 

The Stark Law’s Self-Referral Disclosure Protocol (SRDP) will include a new Group Practice Information Form for physician practices to report any noncompliance arising from not fully satisfying the Stark Law’s definition for a “group practice,” effective March 1, 2023. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) intends for the changes to reduce regulatory burden and streamline the disclosure process.

As Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) and providers gear up for the start of the new ACO REACH Model in 2023, CMS recently issued helpful policy updates to the model’s benefit enhancements (BEs). Under BEs, CMS waives certain Medicare payment requirements for services provided to REACH beneficiaries through the REACH ACO’s participant providers and preferred providers. REACH ACOs can opt to use one or more of the BEs, which are designed to create flexibility in managing REACH beneficiaries’ care. REACH ACOs have full control over which providers participate in any BE. As discussed below, CMS recently announced updates to two of the model’s BEs – the 3-Day Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) Rule Waiver and the Nurse Practitioner (NP) Services.   

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) recently announced changes to the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) designed to improve equity within the MSSP and increase the percentage of Medicare beneficiaries in accountable care arrangements.  The changes are included in the Calendar Year 2023 Physician Fee Schedule final rule (Final Rule), which is scheduled for publication on November 18, 2022.

For many health care systems, patient leakage – when patients leave a health care system’s network in favor of out-of-network providers – is a rampant problem that results in substantial lost revenue. While sometimes patient leakage is just a result of patient choice, often the issue lies with employed or contracted physicians referring patients for services outside the network. Many health care systems may be wary of including in their physician contracts requirements that physicians refer patients exclusively within the network (otherwise known as directed referral requirements) based on concerns with interfering with physicians’ medical judgment and/or the common misconception that the Stark Law prohibits directed referral requirements.

To the contrary, the Stark Law actually permits directed referral requirements, provided that certain conditions are met. CMS recently enacted changes to the Stark Law regulations, effective January 19, 2021, that provide additional clarity on how health care providers can permissibly use directed referral requirements. These recent changes have seemingly triggered new awareness and interest in how health care systems can utilize directed referral requirements to combat patient leakage.

In this final post of our blog series on the substantial changes to the regulations implementing the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) and the Physician Self-Referral Law (commonly known as the Stark Law), we cover change to (i) key Stark Law terminology, and (ii) the scope and application of the Stark Law exceptions. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) finalized new definitions for various key terms used in the Stark Law regulations as well as revisions to existing terms that are generally intended to provide more certainty and flexibility. This post discusses a few of the highlights, but the final regulations contain many others.

On January 19, 2021, significant changes to the regulations implementing the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) and the Physician Self-Referral Law (commonly known as the Stark Law) went into effect. The sweeping changes come through two final rules – one issued by the Office of Inspector General (OIG) addressing changes to the AKS and the Beneficiary Inducements CMP, and one issued by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) addressing changes to the Stark Law.

In this fifth installment of our blog series covering the changes, we dive into (i) the new AKS safe harbor and Stark Law exception for cybersecurity technology and related services, and (ii) the significant changes to the existing safe harbor and exception for electronic health records (EHR) technology.

As you know, we have been parsing through the HHS rules that finalize important changes to the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) and Physician Self-Referral Law (Stark Law) regulations, which go into effect January 19, 2021. Today, we are taking a look at changes to existing AKS safe harbors and Stark Law exceptions, and, an extra add-on: a new Stark Exception for Limited Remuneration to a Physician. Mintz is also hosting a webinar during which we will review the key provisions from the final rules and provide practical examples of how the industry can take advantage of these significant changes. We hope you can join us.

This third post in our multi-part series on the final rules examines the three new AKS safe harbors and four new Stark Law exceptions that offer protection for value-based arrangements. The primary goal of these final rules is to reduce regulatory barriers and advance the health care industry’s transition to value-based care. Value-based care, often referred to as pay-for-performance, is a payment model that offers health care providers and suppliers financial incentives to meet certain performance measures that improve quality of care or appropriately reduce costs, as opposed to traditional fee-for-service or capitated payments healthcare reimbursement.

Plus, we have prepared easy-to-read comparison charts breaking down the current, proposed, and final regulations. These comparison charts offer a quick way to get up to speed on these voluminous final rules and their many historic changes to the AKS and Stark Law.

While health care entities often want to provide free or discounted items or services to patients (e.g., free transportation, co-payment waivers, free supplies), these free or discounted items or services pose risk under both the federal Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) and the civil monetary penalty rules regarding beneficiary inducements (Beneficiary Inducements CMP), so minimizing risk when providing such items or services is important.  Fortunately, as announced last week, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) issued a final rule making sweeping changes to the regulations implementing the AKS and the Beneficiary Inducements CMP, many of which will result in greater flexibility and reduced administrative burdens for the health care industry. 

On November 20, 2020, the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) finalized significant changes to the regulations implementing the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS), the Physician Self-Referral Law (commonly known as the Stark Law), and the civil monetary penalty rules regarding beneficiary inducements (Beneficiary Inducements CMP). The final rules are part of HHS’s Regulatory Sprint to Coordinated Care and are designed to offer the health care industry more flexibility and to reduce the regulatory burden associated with the AKS and the Stark Law, particularly with respect to value-based arrangements and care coordination. Offering a number of industry-friendly changes, the final rules will have a far-reaching impact on the health care industry.

On Wednesday, August 26th, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a notice extending the deadline to finalize significant proposed changes to the Physician Self-Referral Law (commonly known as the Stark Law) announced last year. CMS published the proposed rule on October 17, 2019 in tandem with a companion proposed rule issued by Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) with equally sweeping changes to the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS). Both rules were issued as part of CMS’s Regulatory Sprint to Coordinated Care and offer a number of industry-friendly changes designed to reduce regulatory burden associated with the Stark Law and the AKS and allow for increased adoption of value-based arrangements.

As reported previously, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) recently published two proposed rules that seek to implement wholesale changes to the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) and the Physician Self-Referral Law (commonly known as the Stark Law). This final post in our blog series focuses on a proposed new safe harbor that would protect patient engagement and support arrangements designed to improve quality, efficiency of care, and health outcomes. The OIG is also proposing modifications to the existing safe harbor for local transportation and a new safe harbor for remuneration provided in connection with certain payment and care delivery models developed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation Center or by the Medicare Shared Savings Program. Lastly, the OIG is codifying an existing statutory safe harbor for Accountable Care Organization (ACO) beneficiary incentives and an existing statutory exception to the Civil Monetary Penalty (CMP) rules on beneficiary inducement for telehealth technology related to in-home dialysis services.