
Theresa has extensive experience advising clients on all aspects of the pharmaceutical supply chain. Her practice involves advising industry stakeholders on a range of business, legal, transactional, and compliance matters. Theresa combines her multilayered industry knowledge with a deep understanding of applicable federal and state legal frameworks, in particular federal and state fraud and abuse laws. She provides clients with strategic counseling and creative business modeling that considers legal restrictions and regulatory risk in light of innovation and business goals.
PBMs and Plans
Theresa applies her comprehensive knowledge of the PBM industry, the legal landscape, and relevant policy initiatives to provide insightful and strategic counsel to plans and PBMs on all aspects of their operations. She regularly assists PBMs and plans in evaluating and structuring innovative strategic alliances, payment structures, and collaborations. She has extensive experience in:
- PBM Service Agreements from both the PBM and plan perspective
- Rebate Contracting, including value-based and outcomes-based rebating arrangements
- Rebate Aggregator and Formulary Service Arrangements
- Pharmacy Network Contracting
- Workers Compensation PBMs
Specialty Pharmacies
Theresa counsels independent and plan/PBM-affiliated specialty pharmacies on regulatory, operational, and contracting matters. She assists specialty pharmacies with:
- Drug Purchase and Service Arrangements
- Fraud and abuse risks in connection with arrangements with pharmaceutical manufacturers
- Payor Relationships
- Wholesaler Arrangements
- Prescription Drug Adherence Programs
- State Pharmacy Law Requirements
- Medicare Part D Regulatory Requirements
Drug Distribution and Procurement
Theresa knows that understanding the interaction among all entities in the pharmaceutical supply chain is critical to providing practical, business oriented advice and services. In addition to plans, PBMs, and pharmacies, she advises a variety of different stakeholders in the pharmaceutical supply chain, including:
- Providers negotiating national drug supply and procurement agreements
- Group Purchasing Organizations
- Reimbursement HUBs
- Co-pay and Coupon Program Administrators
Innovative and Direct-to-Consumer Drug Discount Programs
Theresa advises entrepreneurial health care providers on innovative platforms for the delivery of prescription drugs, pharmacy benefits, and drug discounts, including.
- Prescription Drug Discount Cards
- Direct-to-Consumer Discount Offerings
- Disruptor and alternative model PBM services
Digital Pharmacy Services
Theresa advises telehealth technology developers, telehealth providers, and pharmacies on federal and state regulatory schemes applicable to telehealth participation in the pharmaceutical supply chain and the provision of digital pharmacy services. She counsels clients on fraud and abuse requirements, provides contracting support, and assists with structural considerations such as state corporate practice of medicine (CPOM) requirements.
M&A and Transactional Matters
Theresa regularly represents clients in connection with their investment in the pharmaceutical supply chain. She uses her extensive knowledge of the pharmaceutical supply chain to advise clients investing in the industry on structural considerations, corporate matters, regulatory requirements and compliance risks, and business challenges and opportunities. Theresa assists clients in both M&A transactions and private equity investments and has deep experience in contracting matters, complex due diligence reviews, fraud and abuse risks, licensing, and regulatory and change of ownership (CHOW) filings.
COVID-19 Matters
Most recently, Theresa has advised clients on the impact of COVID-19 on the pharmaceutical supply chain, including its impact on state pharmacy law requirements, Medicare Part D benefit design requirements, and contracting arrangements.
Theresa is a frequent author and speaker on regulatory and policy issues affecting pharmacy benefits and the pharmaceutical supply chain and a regular contributor to the firm’s Health care Viewpoints.
Experience
- Represented Cigna as health regulatory counsel in its acquisition of Express Scripts.
- Represented Catamaran (f/k/a CatalystRx) in the structuring and negotiation of its PBM services arrangement with CIGNA.
- Represented national worker’s compensation PBM in connection with multiple worker’s compensation PBM acquisitions.
- Represented a national specialty pharmacy provider in connection with an internal compliance audit and investigation and response to government investigation.
- Advised national pharmacy chain in multiple specialty pharmacy and long-term care pharmacy acquisitions.
- Represented SingleCare, a discount medical and pharmacy card operator (“DMPO”), in its contracting with pharmacies, providers and other vendors.
- Served as regulatory counsel to a consortium of investors led by TPG Capital and Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe in their $4.1 billion acquisition of Kindred Healthcare, Inc. (NYSE:KND). The transaction was recognized by The Deal as the 2018 Private Equity Deal of the Year.
- Advised a global health care company on a variety of issues in connection with its acquisition of several health plans and provider groups, including health care regulatory due diligence, health care regulatory advice regarding transaction structure and strategy, and preparation of regulatory notices and other filings.
- Advised national pharmacy chain in connection with government agency arrangement to provide accessible COVID-19 testing.
viewpoints
Mintz IRA Update — Inaugural Edition
September 20, 2023 | Blog | By Theresa Carnegie, Tara E. Dwyer, Mitchell Clough, Xavier Hardy, Stephnie John, Bridgette Keller, Lauren Moldawer, Pat Ouellette, Hassan Shaikh
CMS Announces Drug List for Inflation Reduction Act Price Negotiations
August 29, 2023 | Alert | By Theresa Carnegie, Lauren Moldawer
Mintz Health Law: What We Are Grateful For
January 11, 2023 | Podcast | By Bridgette Keller
MintzRx Newsletter — Your Prescription for the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
October 3, 2022 | Article | By Theresa Carnegie, Tara E. Dwyer, Xavier Hardy, Stephnie John, Bridgette Keller, Lauren Moldawer, Pat Ouellette, Hassan Shaikh
OIG Approves Manufacturer’s Offer of Free Genetic Testing
April 14, 2022 | Blog | By Karen Lovitch , Theresa Carnegie, Pat Ouellette
Biden Administration’s Drug Pricing Plan Calls for Bold Action by Congress
September 10, 2021 | Blog | By Joanne Hawana , Theresa Carnegie, Lauren Moldawer
Biden Administration Takes Aim at Rising Drug Prices through its Executive Order on Promoting Competition
July 20, 2021 | Blog | By Theresa Carnegie, Lauren Moldawer
Fourth Time’s the Charm? How COVID-19 May Spur Congress to Pass Legislation Expanding Coverage for Pharmacist Services
May 12, 2021 | Blog | By Hassan Shaikh, Theresa Carnegie
The American Families Plan & A Call for Drug Pricing Legislation
May 10, 2021 | Blog | By Theresa Carnegie, Cody Keetch
HHS Issues Controversial Drug Rebate Reform Final Rule
November 25, 2020 | Blog | By Theresa Carnegie
News & Press
4 Pharma Industry Arguments Against CMS Drug Pricing Plan
September 29, 2023
Big Pharma’s Fight Over Medicare Drug Price Negotiations Faces Multiple Challenges
September 11, 2023
Medicare’s 10-Drug List: The Industry Reacts
August 30, 2023
Five Mintz Attorneys Named 2020 BTI Client Service All-Stars
December 11, 2020
Trump Unveils Disputed, Long-Shot Drug Rules Upending System
November 23, 2020
Mintz Attorney Theresa C. Carnegie and ML Strategies Vice President Rodney L. Whitlock to Speak at Fifth Annual Pharmacy Benefit Oversight & Compliance Conference
November 07, 2016
Events & Speaking
Examining the Impact of COVID-19 on Pharmacy Benefits and the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
American Health Law Association Annual Meeting
Online Event

4th Annual Mintz /ML Strategies Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Industry Summit
Mintz and ML Strategies
Boston, MA
3rd Annual Mintz /ML Strategies Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Industry Summit
Mintz and ML Strategies
Boston, MA

3rd Annual Mintz /ML Strategies Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Industry Summit
Mintz and ML Strategies
Boston, MA

Pharmacy Benefits and Pharmaceuticals: State of the Industry Update
AHLA
Marriott Chicago Downtown, Magnificent Mile, Chicago, IL
4th Annual Pharmacy Benefit Oversight & Compliance Conference
CBI
16770 North Perimeter Drive Scottsdale, AZ
Recognition & Awards
- BTI Consulting Group: Client Service All-Star (2020)
- Chambers USA: District of Columbia (Up and Coming) – Healthcare (2014, 2015); Chambers USA: District of Columbia – Healthcare (2023)
- Nightingale’s Healthcare News: Outstanding Young Healthcare Lawyers (2005)
- Phi Beta Kappa